Abstract: Until now there are no convincing hypotheses dealing with the problem of genesis of primary carbohydrates and primary metamorphic substances on the Earth. This is the reason to propose in the study a thesis based on Binev's monographic book (2001) about the origin of the planets from sun protuberances. From this point of view, after cooling of the high-temperature plasma to 6100°C, and pressure of 1 atm, condensation of the elements had begun, with primary forming of liquid core, and following developing other liquid layers. After the beginning of crystallising processes, elements with mainly high specific mass as osmium, iridium, tungsten, etc. formed the solid core. The crystallised compounds with lower specific mass as zirconium carbide, titanium carbide, beryllium oxide, carbon, etc. had flown in the denser fluids and were driven to the surface of the newly formed planet Earth. At the beginning of the solidification of the Earth, very few substances were in the oxide state. The minerals, silicates and alumosilicates that exist on the surface now as well as the gas, oil and coal sources, are due to physicochemical and metamorphic processes that occur after the condensed water reached the surface and flew into the bowels of the earth. Practically the primary atmosphere of the Earth was from water vapour and halogen elements. After the condensation of the water vapours, the halogen elements as solutions reacted with the alkaline and alkaline earth elements and formed salts. In the atmosphere, the carbon dioxide and the nitrogen originate from the burning of carbohydrates and ammonia. The latter are result of the interactions between water and carbides and nitrides. The amount of water in the atmosphere and in the bowels of the earth grew as more vapours were produced in processes such as burning. Oxygen, which came after decomposition of the hypochlorite acid of after reactions of the peroxides and hyperoxides of the alkaline metals with water, also flew in the atmosphere. In this way during billions of years the atmosphere of the earth was formed in its common composition.

Abstract: The importance of petroleum and natural gas for providing primary energy resources is outlined. Also, the dynamics of oil production worldwide is shown. The development of prospecting for oil fields and natural gas areas and time-sequence of those discovered in Bulgaria is followed. Their principal parameters are given. Some of the significant oil fields were found in 1951 (Tyulenovo), 1962 (Dolni Dabnik), 1963 (Chiren), and 1975 (Dolni Lukovit). Production of petroleum and natural gas in Bulgaria started in 1954. Its dynamics, rapidly being developed due to limited reserves, is reported. Three annual production maxima for oil and two for natural gas are reported. The highest production levels were attained in 1967 (508 000 t) and 1969 (527 000 000 m3) for petroleum and natural gas, respectively. After 1980, these figures were drastically reduced. Until the end of 2002, totally 8 300 000 t of oil and 3.8´109 m3 of gas had been produced. The main physicochemical characteristics of Bulgarian oils, gas, and condensate are indicated. Bulgarian oils are principally divided into two groups: heavy, high-tar low-paraffin naphtheno-aromatic type (Tyulenovo and Gigen) and light, low-sulphur containing, high-paraffin paraffino-naphthenic type (Dolni Dabnik, Dolni Lukovit and less important fields).